The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), today announced unveiled the “International Pricing Index” (IPI) payment model to reduce what Americans pay for Medicare Part B prescription drugs.
Under the IPI model, described in an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM), Medicare’s payments for select physician-administered drugs would shift to a level more closely aligned with prices in other countries. Overall savings for American taxpayers and patients are projected to total $17.2B over five years.
The move from current payment levels to payment levels based on international prices would be phased in over a five-year period, would apply to 50 percent of the country, and would cover most drugs in Medicare Part B, which includes physician-administered medicines such as infusions. The model would correct existing incentives to prescribe higher-priced drugs and, for the first time, address disparities in prices between the United States and other countries. Since patient cost sharing is calculated based on Medicare’s payment amount, patients would see lower costs under the model.
Today’s Current Model
Physicians currently purchase the drugs that they administer to patients and receive payment from Medicare for those drugs at an amount equal to the average sales price plus an “add-on” fee. The add-on is calculated as a percentage of the average sales price of the drug.
This creates several problems. First, the dollar amount of the add-on increases with the price of the drug, which encourages prescribing higher-cost drugs. Second, Medicare accepts sales prices for Part B drugs, with no negotiation. Together, this results in higher out-of-pocket costs that burden American seniors.
The pharmaceutical industry offers deep discounts abroad while taking advantage of the payment system in Medicare Part B which drives the cost in the U.S., even though Medicare is the world’s largest drug purchaser. The IPI model would take on this issue and pay vendors for Part B drugs at a level approaching international prices.
Removing Financial Incentives to Prescribe Higher-Cost Drugs
In today’s current model the percentage-based add-on payment, physicians and hospitals would receive a set payment amount for storing and handling drugs that would not be tied to drug prices. The new IPI model would remove the financial incentive to prescribe higher-cost drugs. In addition, the IPI model also frees physicians from having to “buy and bill” high priced drugs, which creates a financial risk that jeopardizes their practice and the ability to serve their community.
For the first time in Medicare, the IPI model would create a system in which private vendors procure drugs, distribute them to physicians and hospitals, and take on the responsibility of billing Medicare. Vendors would aggregate purchasing, seek volume-based discounts, and compete for providers’ business, thereby creating competition where none exists today.
IPI Goals
The new IPI model would achieve several key goals:
· Reduce costs for Medicare beneficiaries, and thereby increase adherence and access to prescription drugs.
· Introduce competition to the system of paying for physician-administered drugs by bringing in private-sector vendors.
· Reduce providers’ burden and the financial risk associated with managing drug inventories, so physicians can focus on patient care.
· Maintain financial stability for physicians while removing incentives for higher drug prices.
· Address the disparity in drug prices between the U.S. and other countries.
· Reduce costs to the American taxpayers and Medicare beneficiaries who fund these programs.
“In an era where the pharmaceutical industry is pricing drugs at levels approaching a million dollars—and jeopardizing the future of our safety net programs—the time has come to fix the perverse incentives in the Medicare program that are fueling price increases,” said CMS Administrator Seema Verma. “I appreciate President Trump and Secretary Azar’s bold leadership to lower seniors’ prescription drug costs and provide relief.”
Related: Drug Pricing Transparency: Can Health IT Lower Drug Pricing for Patients?
